<div class="vt" data-vt-cat="family-visas" data-vt-code="IR-1"> <div class="vt-crumbs"><nav class="vt-wrap" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><a href="/">Home</a><span>›</span><a href="/family-visas">Family</a><span>›</span><span>IR-1</span></nav></div> <section class="vt-dhead"><div class="vt-wrap"> <div class="vt-badges"><span>Immigrant</span><span>Immediate relative</span><span>No annual cap</span><span>Form I-130</span><span>10-year Green Card</span></div> <h1><span>IR-1</span> Spouse of a U.S. Citizen</h1> <p class="vt-lede">An immigrant visa for the foreign spouse of a U.S. citizen when the marriage is at least 2 years old on the day the visa is issued; entry brings a 10-year Green Card.</p> <div class="vt-dmeta"><span>Last reviewed <strong>Oct 1, 2026</strong></span><span>Sources: USCIS · Department of State</span><a href="/corrections?page=/visa/ir-1">Report an error</a></div> </div></section> <section class="vt-dbody"> <nav class="vt-jump" aria-label="On this page"><a href="#overview">Overview</a><a href="#qualify">Who qualifies</a><a href="#duration">Duration</a><a href="#fees">Fees</a><a href="#processing">Processing</a><a href="#steps">Steps</a><a href="#documents">Documents</a><a href="#dependents">Dependents</a><a href="#greencard">After arrival</a><a href="#related">Related</a><a href="#faq">FAQ</a><a href="#sources">Sources</a><a href="#changes">Changes</a></nav> <nav class="vt-toc" aria-label="On this page"><div class="h">On this page</div><ul><li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li><li><a href="#qualify">Who qualifies</a></li><li><a href="#duration">Duration & extensions</a></li><li><a href="#fees">Fees</a></li><li><a href="#processing">Processing time</a></li><li><a href="#steps">Application steps</a></li><li><a href="#documents">Required documents</a></li><li><a href="#dependents">Dependents & family</a></li><li><a href="#greencard">After you arrive</a></li><li><a href="#related">Related visas</a></li><li><a href="#faq">Common questions</a></li><li><a href="#sources">Official sources</a></li><li><a href="#changes">Recent changes</a></li></ul></nav> <article class="vt-art"> <div class="vt-glance"><h2>At a glance</h2><dl><div><dt>Who files</dt><dd>U.S. citizen spouse, Form I-130</dd></div><div><dt>Marriage length</dt><dd>2 years or more when the visa is issued</dd></div><div><dt>Visa numbers</dt><dd>Always available (immediate relative)</dd></div><div><dt>Petition fee</dt><dd><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$675 paper / $625 online</a></dd></div><div><dt>Visa fee</dt><dd><a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-22/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-22/section-22.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$325</a></dd></div><div><dt>Green Card</dt><dd>10-year card on admission</dd></div></dl></div> <div class="vt-callout"><strong>Entry restrictions for 39 nationalities.</strong> Under <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/restricting-and-limiting-the-entry-of-foreign-nationals-to-protect-the-security-of-the-united-states/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Proclamation 10998</a> (effective Jan. 1, 2026), immigrant entry is suspended for nationals of all 39 listed countries and for Palestinian Authority travel-document holders, and family members of people in the United States are no longer a categorical exception. Remaining exceptions include dual nationals travelling on a non-listed country’s passport and case-by-case national-interest exceptions; the proclamation applies to people outside the United States without a valid visa on the effective date. A separate State Department pause on immigrant visa issuance to nationals of 75 countries (from Jan. 21, 2026) is, per the <a href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/News/visas-news/immigrant-visa-processing-updates-for-nationalities-at-high-risk-of-public-benefits-usage.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">State Department</a>, no longer in effect as of Aug. 21, 2026 following the court’s order in CLINIC v. Rubio.</div> <h2 id="overview" class="s">Overview</h2> <p class="b">Spouses of U.S. citizens are immediate relatives under INA 201(b), so they never wait for a visa number. The IR-1 is the consular version for a spouse living abroad; a spouse already in the United States who was inspected and admitted or paroled may instead adjust status with Form I-485.</p> <p class="b">Whether the spouse receives IR-1 or CR-1 depends only on the length of the marriage on the day the visa is issued. Consular officers classify the spouse as conditional (CR-1) if the marriage was entered into less than two years before issuance (<a href="https://fam.state.gov/FAM/09FAM/09FAM050202.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">9 FAM 502.2-2(D)</a>); otherwise the visa is IR-1 and the Green Card is unconditional.</p> <p class="b">USCIS reviews whether the marriage is legally valid and bona fide at the petition stage and, for adjustment cases, again at adjustment, under policy guidance issued Oct. 17, 2025 (<a href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/policy-manual-updates/20251017-RecognizedMarriages.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PA-2025-23</a>).</p> <h2 id="qualify" class="s">Who qualifies</h2> <h3 class="s">The petitioner and spouse must</h3> <ul class="b"><li>Petitioner is a U.S. citizen (a permanent resident’s spouse uses the F2A category instead).</li><li>The marriage is legally valid where it took place and recognized for U.S. immigration purposes, and is bona fide — not entered into to obtain an immigration benefit.</li><li>The marriage has existed for at least 2 years when the visa is issued (otherwise CR-1).</li><li>The spouse is admissible, or eligible for a waiver.</li></ul> <h3 class="s">Financial sponsorship</h3> <ul class="b"><li>The petitioner must sign Form I-864 and show income of at least 125% of the HHS poverty guidelines — for a household of two in the 48 contiguous states, <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/i-864p" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$27,050</a> under the guidelines effective March 1, 2026 (100%, or $21,640, for active-duty military petitioning for a spouse or child). A joint sponsor may be used if the petitioner’s income is insufficient. The affidavit is a legally enforceable contract.</li></ul> <h2 id="duration" class="s">Duration & extensions</h2> <table class="vt-kv"><tbody><tr><th scope="row">Status</th><td>Lawful permanent resident on admission</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Green Card</th><td>10-year card, renewable</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Naturalization</th><td>After 3 years as an LPR if married to and living with the citizen spouse (<a href="https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-g-chapter-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">USCIS Policy Manual</a>); otherwise 5 years</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Immigrant visa</th><td>Must be used to enter before the expiration date printed on the visa</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="fees" class="s">Fees</h2> <p class="vt-feesintro">USCIS fees from the 10/01/26 fee schedule; State Department fees from 22 CFR 22.1.</p> <div class="vt-scroll"><table class="vt-fees"><thead><tr><th>Fee</th><th class="amt">Amount</th><th>Who pays</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>Form I-130 petition</td><td class="amt"><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$675 paper / $625 online</a></td><td>U.S. citizen</td><td>One petition per beneficiary.</td></tr> <tr><td>Immigrant visa application fee</td><td class="amt"><a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-22/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-22/section-22.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$325</a></td><td>Beneficiary</td><td>Immediate relative and family preference applications, 22 CFR 22.1 item 32(a); paid through the National Visa Center.</td></tr> <tr><td>Affidavit of Support review</td><td class="amt"><a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-22/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-22/section-22.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$120</a></td><td>Sponsor</td><td>Charged only when the I-864 is reviewed domestically (22 CFR 22.1 item 34).</td></tr> <tr><td>USCIS Immigrant Fee</td><td class="amt"><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-fees/uscis-immigrant-fee" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$235</a></td><td>Immigrant</td><td>Paid online after visa issuance; the Green Card is not produced until it is paid.</td></tr> <tr><td>Panel-physician medical exam</td><td class="amt">Varies</td><td>Beneficiary</td><td>Paid directly to the panel physician.</td></tr> <tr><td>Form I-485 (if in the U.S.)</td><td class="amt"><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$1,440 paper / $1,390 online</a></td><td>Beneficiary</td><td>Instead of the visa and Immigrant Fee; $950/$900 for a child under 14 filing with a parent. Only the <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/i-485" target="_blank" rel="noopener">09/18/26 edition</a> is accepted for filings on or after Sept. 18, 2026.</td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p class="vt-foot">The $250 Visa Integrity Fee in Public Law 119-21 applies only to nonimmigrant visas, not immigrant visas.</p> <h2 id="processing" class="s">Processing time</h2> <dl class="vt-cards"><div><dt>Visa number wait</dt><dd>None</dd><dd class="n">An immigrant visa is always available for immediate relatives.</dd></div></dl> <p class="b">I-130 times vary by office and are published at <a href="https://egov.uscis.gov/processing-times/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">egov.uscis.gov/processing-times</a>. National Visa Center and consular interview scheduling times are separate and vary by post.</p> <h2 id="steps" class="s">Application steps</h2> <ol class="vt-steps"><li><span class="num">1</span><div><div class="tt">File Form I-130</div><div class="tx">The citizen files Form I-130 (online or paper) with Form I-130A for the spouse, choosing consular processing in Part 4.</div></div></li><li><span class="num">2</span><div><div class="tt">National Visa Center</div><div class="tx">After approval, the NVC collects the $325 visa fee, Form DS-260, civil documents and the Affidavit of Support.</div></div></li><li><span class="num">3</span><div><div class="tt">Medical exam and interview</div><div class="tx">The spouse completes the panel-physician exam and attends the interview at the consulate.</div></div></li><li><span class="num">4</span><div><div class="tt">Pay the USCIS Immigrant Fee</div><div class="tx">Pay $235 online, ideally after receiving the visa and before travel.</div></div></li><li><span class="num">5</span><div><div class="tt">Enter the United States</div><div class="tx">Admission on the immigrant visa makes the spouse a permanent resident; the Green Card arrives by mail.</div></div></li></ol> <h2 id="documents" class="s">Required documents</h2> <div class="vt-docs"><div><h3>From the U.S. citizen</h3><ul><li><span>Proof of citizenship (birth certificate, naturalization certificate, CRBA or passport).</span></li><li><span>Marriage certificate and proof prior marriages ended.</span></li><li><span>Evidence the marriage is bona fide (joint finances, residence, children, communication).</span></li><li><span>Form I-864 with tax returns or transcripts and proof of income.</span></li></ul></div><div><h3>From the spouse</h3><ul><li><span>Passport, birth certificate and police certificates.</span></li><li><span>Form DS-260 confirmation.</span></li><li><span>Panel physician’s medical report.</span></li></ul></div></div> <h2 id="dependents" class="s">Dependents & family</h2> <p class="b">The IR-1 has no derivative beneficiaries. Each child needs a separate Form I-130 — as the citizen’s child or stepchild (IR-2/CR-2) if the marriage took place before the child turned 18.</p> <h2 id="greencard" class="s">After you arrive</h2> <p class="b">IR-1 immigrants become unconditional permanent residents on admission.</p> <div class="vt-gsteps"><div><div class="k">Step 1</div><div class="tt">Receive the Green Card</div><div class="tx">USCIS mails it to the U.S. address given to the State Department or CBP after the Immigrant Fee is paid.</div></div><div><div class="k">Step 2</div><div class="tt">Sponsor obligation</div><div class="tx">Under the <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/i-864instr.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Form I-864 instructions</a>, the support obligation ends when the immigrant becomes a citizen, can be credited with 40 qualifying quarters of work, or ceases to be a permanent resident, or when the sponsor or the immigrant dies; divorce does not end it.</div></div><div><div class="k">Step 3</div><div class="tt">Naturalize</div><div class="tx">File Form N-400 ($760 paper / $710 online) after 3 years if still married to and living with the citizen spouse.</div></div></div> <h2 id="related" class="s">Related visas</h2> <div class="vt-rel"><a href="/visa/cr-1"><div class="c">CR-1</div><div class="n">Spouse married under 2 years</div><div class="tx">Same process; 2-year conditional Green Card.</div></a><a href="/visa/k-1"><div class="c">K-1 / K-2</div><div class="n">Fiancé(e) of a U.S. citizen</div><div class="tx">For couples who will marry in the United States.</div></a><a href="/visa/k-3"><div class="c">K-3 / K-4</div><div class="n">Spouse (nonimmigrant)</div><div class="tx">Rarely used alternative while the I-130 is pending.</div></a><a href="/visa/f2a"><div class="c">F2A</div><div class="n">Spouse or child of a permanent resident</div><div class="tx">If the petitioner is an LPR, not a citizen.</div></a><a href="/visa/ir-2"><div class="c">IR-2 / CR-2</div><div class="n">Child of a U.S. citizen</div><div class="tx">For the spouse’s children, including stepchildren.</div></a></div> <h2 id="faq" class="s">Common questions</h2> <div class="vt-faq"><details><summary>What decides IR-1 versus CR-1?</summary><p>The length of the marriage on the day the immigrant visa is issued: under 2 years means CR-1 (conditional), 2 years or more means IR-1.</p></details><details><summary>Is there a waiting line for spouses of citizens?</summary><p>No. Spouses are immediate relatives, so a visa number is always available; the time is driven by processing, not by the Visa Bulletin.</p></details><details><summary>How much income does the sponsor need?</summary><p>At least 125% of the HHS poverty guidelines for the household size — $27,050 for two people in the 48 contiguous states under the guidelines effective March 1, 2026. Assets or a joint sponsor can make up a shortfall.</p></details><details><summary>Does a 2026 travel ban affect spouses?</summary><p>Yes, for nationals of the 39 countries in Proclamation 10998: the earlier exception for immediate-relative immigrant visas was removed for those countries as of Jan. 1, 2026, apart from narrow exceptions and case-by-case waivers.</p></details></div> <h2 id="sources" class="s">Official sources</h2> <ul class="vt-src"><li><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/i-130" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>USCIS</strong> · I-130, Petition for Alien Relative</span><span>uscis.gov ↗</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/family/bring-spouse-to-live-in-US" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>USCIS</strong> · Bringing Spouses to Live in the United States as Permanent Residents</span><span>uscis.gov ↗</span></a></li><li><a href="https://fam.state.gov/FAM/09FAM/09FAM050202.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>Department of State</strong> · 9 FAM 502.2 — Family-Based IV Classifications</span><span>fam.state.gov ↗</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/g-1055" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>USCIS</strong> · Form G-1055, Fee Schedule (edition 10/01/26)</span><span>uscis.gov ↗</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-22/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-22/section-22.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>eCFR</strong> · 22 CFR 22.1 — Schedule of fees for consular services</span><span>ecfr.gov ↗</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/i-864p" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>USCIS</strong> · I-864P, HHS Poverty Guidelines for Affidavit of Support</span><span>uscis.gov ↗</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-fees/uscis-immigrant-fee" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>USCIS</strong> · USCIS Immigrant Fee</span><span>uscis.gov ↗</span></a></li><li><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/restricting-and-limiting-the-entry-of-foreign-nationals-to-protect-the-security-of-the-united-states/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span><strong>White House</strong> · Proclamation 10998: Restricting and Limiting the Entry of Foreign Nationals</span><span>whitehouse.gov ↗</span></a></li></ul> <h2 id="changes" class="s">Recent changes</h2> <ul class="vt-chg"><li><span class="d">Aug 31, 2026</span><div class="x"><strong>New Form I-864 edition (08/24/26) required from Oct. 1, 2026.</strong> USCIS published a new edition of the Affidavit of Support with a credit-report privacy release. After a 30-day grace period, USCIS accepts only the 08/24/26 edition for filings postmarked or submitted on or after Oct. 1, 2026. <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/i-864" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Aug 24, 2026</span><div class="x"><strong>Court enjoins USCIS adjudication holds for nationals of 39 countries.</strong> In Red Eagle Law v. Edlow (N.D. Cal.), the court enjoined PM-602-0192 and PM-602-0194 and certified a class; USCIS says it will adjudicate covered applications in the normal course while litigation continues. <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/recent-court-order-on-hold-policies" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Aug 21, 2026</span><div class="x"><strong>75-country immigrant visa issuance pause no longer in effect.</strong> The State Department paused immigrant visa issuance to nationals of 75 countries from Jan. 21, 2026, citing public-charge review. Following the court’s order in CLINIC v. Rubio, the State Department says the pause is no longer in effect as of Aug. 21, 2026. <a href="https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/News/visas-news/immigrant-visa-processing-updates-for-nationalities-at-high-risk-of-public-benefits-usage.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Jul 20, 2026</span><div class="x"><strong>DHS rescinds the 2022 public charge rule (effective Sept. 18, 2026).</strong> Final rule restoring broader officer discretion in public charge determinations. It applies to applications for admission made, and adjustment applications postmarked or submitted, on or after Sept. 18, 2026. <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/07/20/2026-14539/public-charge-ground-of-inadmissibility" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Jun 5, 2026</span><div class="x"><strong>Court vacates USCIS hold policies on pending applications.</strong> In Dorcas International Institute of Rhode Island v. USCIS (D.R.I.), the court vacated PM-602-0192, PM-602-0194 and PA-2025-26 (final judgment June 11, 2026). USCIS says it will follow the order pending possible further review. <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/court-order-on-hold-policies" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Dec 16, 2025</span><div class="x"><strong>Proclamation 10998 expands entry restrictions to 39 countries (effective Jan. 1, 2026).</strong> Suspends immigrant entry for nationals of every listed country and removes the broad family-based immigrant visa exception that Proclamation 10949 had contained; remaining exceptions are narrow, plus case-by-case national-interest exceptions. <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/restricting-and-limiting-the-entry-of-foreign-nationals-to-protect-the-security-of-the-united-states/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Oct 17, 2025</span><div class="x"><strong>Policy alert PA-2025-23 on spousal petitions.</strong> USCIS Policy Manual guidance on which marriages are recognized (including proxy and virtual marriages) and on reviewing marriage bona fides at both the petition and adjustment stages; effective immediately for pending and new petitions. <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/policy-manual-updates/20251017-RecognizedMarriages.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Aug 1, 2025</span><div class="x"><strong>USCIS family-based petition guidance.</strong> Policy Manual update on screening, interviews and decisions for family-based petitions; clarifies that USCIS may issue a Notice to Appear if a beneficiary is otherwise removable, because an I-130 grants no status. <a href="https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/alerts/uscis-issues-guidance-regarding-family-based-immigration-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Jun 4, 2025</span><div class="x"><strong>Proclamation 10949 restricts entry from 19 countries (effective June 9, 2025).</strong> Originally exempted immediate-relative immigrant visas (IR-1/CR-1, IR-2/CR-2, IR-5) with clear and convincing evidence of the relationship, and adoption visas (IR-3, IR-4, IH-3, IH-4). Those exceptions were superseded by Proclamation 10998. <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/06/restricting-the-entry-of-foreign-nationals-to-protect-the-united-states-from-foreign-terrorists-and-other-national-security-and-public-safety-threats/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li><li><span class="d">Apr 1, 2024</span><div class="x"><strong>USCIS fee rule takes effect.</strong> The fee schedule final rule (89 FR 6194, published Jan. 31, 2024) set current family-based fees, including separate online and paper fees for Form I-130 and folding biometrics into the filing fees. <a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/01/31/2024-01427/us-citizenship-and-immigration-services-fee-schedule-and-changes-to-certain-other-immigration" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source ↗</a></div></li></ul> <div class="vt-disc">This page is general reference material compiled from the official sources above and is not legal advice. Eligibility depends on individual facts; rules and fees change, so confirm with the agency before you file. VisaTypes.com is not affiliated with USCIS, the Department of State or any government agency. Spotted an error? <a href="/corrections?page=/visa/ir-1">Tell us</a>.</div> </article></section></div> <script type="application/ld+json">[{"\u0040context": "https://schema.org", "\u0040type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [{"\u0040type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Home", "item": "https://visatypes.com/"}, {"\u0040type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Family", "item": "https://visatypes.com/family-visas"}, {"\u0040type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "IR-1", "item": "https://visatypes.com/visa/ir-1"}]}, {"\u0040context": "https://schema.org", "\u0040type": "FAQPage", "mainEntity": [{"\u0040type": "Question", "name": "What decides IR-1 versus CR-1?", "acceptedAnswer": {"\u0040type": "Answer", "text": "The length of the marriage on the day the immigrant visa is issued: under 2 years means CR-1 (conditional), 2 years or more means IR-1."}}, {"\u0040type": "Question", "name": "Is there a waiting line for spouses of citizens?", "acceptedAnswer": {"\u0040type": "Answer", "text": "No. Spouses are immediate relatives, so a visa number is always available; the time is driven by processing, not by the Visa Bulletin."}}, {"\u0040type": "Question", "name": "How much income does the sponsor need?", "acceptedAnswer": {"\u0040type": "Answer", "text": "At least 125% of the HHS poverty guidelines for the household size — $27,050 for two people in the 48 contiguous states under the guidelines effective March 1, 2026. 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